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Fish swim among the garbage

Report

Marine Ecosystems

The world's oceans and seas are a bit like sponges that absorb everything the planet produces. What has man produced over the years? Rubbish, waste of all kinds, shapes and consistencies. We wanted to use Graham's number, a humanly incomprehensible number of magnitude, because despite countless searches we have not been able to express numerically the amount of waste in the ocean. The sources of pollution are so many and varied that no overall figure exists today. Seventy per cent of the earth's surface is covered by water, water that gives us resources worth some USD 2.5 trillion a year³, resources that are gradually disappearing. First and foremost are the coral reefs, which are suffering the effects of global warming and the carbonic acid dissolved in the water that crumbles the reef structures; followed by the marine fauna, a large part of which we use as food, and then the flora, which contributes to the sequestration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

In the background fish swim among the rubbish. Photo Naja Bertolt Jensen

Causes

There are at least 6 macro sources of pollution, together with a multitude of concomitant causes, all of which are human responsibility. These contribute to the degradation of the ocean masses and all that lives within it. Let us start with industrial waste, 70% of which ends up in the sea: we are talking about sewage containing all kinds of chemical poisons and solid waste. This is followed by oils and their derivatives: according to a 1995 Nasa study, over 2 billion litres end up in the sea every year⁴. Plastics and microplastics also have impressive numbers: 86 million tonnes of plastic currently drift into the unknown⁵. Waste water is another important pollution factor: only a small percentage of countries treat waste water before releasing it. Instead, agricultural activity releases pesticides and fertilisers whose chemical elements have given rise to Dead Zones. Read carefully for a moment: ‘giving birth’ to ‘dead zones’. It sounds like a paradox, but it really isn't. These are places where no living thing is able to live any longer. The most famous Dead Zone is located in the Gulf of Mexico and is as large as New Jersey. Finally, let us not forget the phenomenon of Eutrophication, or even radioactivity, thousands have been nuclear tests carried out by governments in the past years to test weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear power plants release radioactive water into the oceans and, in this regard, one of the latest fresh news in 2023 is the spillage of radioactive water accumulated after the Fukushima⁶ disaster.

Consequences

The oceans today are a cocktail of poisons that will very quickly lead to the disappearance of all ecosystems living within it, and consequently to the disappearance of life on Earth as we know it.

Projects

For the seas and oceans too, there are hundreds of projects and actions to safeguard them. Most of these are actions by local associations fighting to defend marine species, coastal areas and plant species. There is no shortage of actions by large environmental organisations that have been fighting against man's abuse of the sea for years. We, too, will soon present the project to which we will adhere in order to make our contribution to this pitched battle.

Solutions

It is hard not to be repetitive, but as always, it all starts with every single citizen of the world, because that is what we are: inhabitants of the planet, Ergo: everything that happens on earth, even if it is thousands of kilometres away from us, affects us, as chaos theory and the Butterfly Effect teach us. So it would be a good idea for each one of us to put into practice every day the rule of the 4 ERRORS, the basis of the Blue Economy: REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, RECOVER. This ‘new’ way of choosing and approaching life will lead the powers that run the economy, industry, agriculture, states, to abandon what is no longer important to the man of the future.¹ Earth.org - How Many Marine Animals Die From Plastic Each Year?

¹ Earth.org - How Many Marine Animals Die From Plastic Each Year?
² National Geographic - Dead Zones
³ La Repubblica - Oceani, un capitale a rischio
⁴ Nasa - Seawifs Project - Oil Pollution (1995)
⁵ WWF - Inquinamento dei mari
⁶ Il sole 24 ore - Fukushima: iniziato il rilascio di acqua radioattiva nell’oceano Pacifico (2023) 

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